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    公开号:BE1020883A3
    申请号:E201200853
    申请日:2012-12-19
    公开日:2014-07-01
    发明作者:Giovanni Cinti；Roberto Fedi；Antonio Clausi
    申请人:Italcementi Spa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CLINKER BY STARTING RAW FLOUR COMPRISING A PREHEATING SYSTEM AT A
    LIMITED HEIGHT
    The present invention relates to the manufacture of systems for the production of hydraulic binders. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus for the production of clinker starting from raw flour comprising a suspension preheating system with a limited vertical height, namely, with a reduced environmental impact.
    As is known, cement is a hydraulic binder used to bond solid inert materials such as sand and gravel to form concrete and mortars, which are the building blocks for building construction.
    On an industrial scale, the cement is made by mixing and grinding the clinker and the gypsum with possible correctors such as limestone, slag and pozzolan. Currently, the "clinker" is normally obtained by means of a technology called "dry process" which represents the product of a high-temperature cooking of a mixture of raw materials consisting essentially of limestone (calcium carbonate). and clay (silica, alumina, iron oxides, plus water of crystallization). The raw materials are mixed in the solid state in the desired proportions, then finely ground until a homogeneous powder called "raw meal" (or raw mixture) is obtained. In the context of the present invention, the expression "raw meal" or "raw mixture" must therefore be understood as being the homogeneous powder used as starting material for the production of clinker.
    The raw meal, once pulverized and dried in a special mill, is metered in a preheating / calciner system, then converted into clinker by firing at a temperature of about 1450 ° C in a dry furnace consisting essentially of a inclined rotary cylinder. During the heat treatment in the rotary kiln, the raw meal reacts to form calcium silicates and aluminates (clinkerization reaction), which are the main constituents of the clinker.
    In clinker production systems known in the art, the raw meal, before being fed into the rotary kiln, is subjected to preheating, and if necessary, precalcination treatment. One of the most used preheating techniques is based on the use of the "suspension preheater" or "cyclone multiphase preheater" (hereinafter simply called "preheater") consisting of a cyclone tower, in which each Preheating phase takes place in one or more cyclone separators. In each preheat phase, the raw water is first dispersed in a vertical duct in the gas stream and then separated by a centrifugal effect in a large diameter cyclone separator (8-9 meters). This vertical duct is essentially a heating phase of the preheater.
    Figure 1 is a schematic view of a multiphase preheater known in the art. This preheater is actually similar to a countercurrent heat exchanger, in which the raw meal to be heated falls by gravity from top to bottom, while the hot fumes produced in the rotary kiln return to the top of the preheater . The preheater indicated schematically in FIG. 1 comprises four heating phases. However, the number of these phases may vary depending on the applications.
    The preheater illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises, for example, a first heating phase usually defined by the input of a pair of first cyclone separators 301 fed by a first supply section (indicated by reference 401). The latter is crossed by the smoke leaving a second cyclone separator 302 of a second preheating phase. The raw meal is introduced into the first conduit 401, so that it simply mixes with the incoming fumes from the second separator 302. This first conduit 401 is usually divided into two branches each directed towards the inlet of one of the first cyclones of the first preheating phase. These first separators 301 then perform a first separation between the preheated raw meal and the fumes. In particular, each of the first separators 301 includes a raw meal outlet section and a smoke outlet section. In particular, the smoke output from the first separators 301 is then used in the crushing / drying plant raw meal, before being sent to the atmosphere after the dusting.
    The raw meal leaving the first separators 301 is introduced into a second conduit 402 which connects the outlet of a third separator 303 to the supply of the second separator 302 located at a higher height. The raw meal output from the latter is then introduced by gravity into a third conduit 403 which connects a fourth separator 304 to the third separator 303, which is located at an intermediate height between the second separator 302 and the fourth separator 303. raw meal leaving the third separator 303. is inserted into a fourth conduit 404 which connects the fourth separator 304 to the output of the rotary kiln 500, to be then returned to the fourth separator 304. In the latter, the raw meal is permanently separated from the fumes and goes inside the rotary kiln 500 to undergo clinker processing.
    The number of preheating phases is determined by the humidity of the raw materials to be dried in the grinding / drying plant, which in fact uses these gases and therefore the quantity of thermal energy associated with them, after they left the preheater. In particular, in the presence of a high moisture content of the raw materials, a higher amount of heat for drying is actually required and, therefore, there will be preheaters with only four phases. In the presence of average humidities, however, five-phase preheaters are prepared, whereas in the presence of raw materials with a low moisture content, six-phase preheaters are used.
    The choice of raw materials with low moisture content and the careful design of the vertical ducts and cyclones that form the different heating phases make it currently customary to produce five- and even six-phase preheaters, connected to vertical ducts sufficiently long to increase the contact time and therefore the heat exchange between the gas and the material and finally the overall thermal efficiency of the process.
    In addition, the nominal production capacity of cement kilns has increased significantly in recent years, increasing from 1,000 to 2,000 t / d (tonnes per day) of clinker, a typical amount in the 1970s, up to 5,000 at 7,000 t / d, typical of the most recent projects. This trend has resulted in an increase in the physical size of the preheaters, with proportionally larger duct sections and cyclone heights. From all the foregoing, it follows that the suspension preheaters, which in the past had heights of 60 to 80 m, now normally exceed 120 m in height, even reaching 140 to 150 m.
    The considerable height of the preheaters represents a significant environmental visual impact problem, of which we did not hear previously, since the heights of the preheaters, much more limited, hardly exceeded the highest storage silos (40 to 60 m. ). Currently, however, the preheater tower rises above the cement plant, becoming a feature of the landscape, visible at great distances. In this context, the increasing sensitivity to environmental problems makes it even more difficult to obtain from the local government the necessary building permits.
    As indicated above, the height of a preheater is therefore essentially determined by the number of corresponding preheater phases, which, in turn, depend inversely on the moisture of the raw material. The height of the preheater is also related to the length of the connecting ducts, the increase of which allows the development of the thermal efficiency of the preheater. Finally, with the increase of the nominal production capacity (ie daily tons of clinker produced), the size of the preheater and in particular its height, increase. To this end, it should be added that a high daily clinker productivity can no longer be considered without the presence of a precalciner sandwiched between the rotary kiln and the preheater. In the conventional solution, the precalciner is structured as a central tower near which the different cyclones are arranged, forming the preheater. The precalciner reaches considerable heights, of the order of 60 to 70 m, and is therefore a disadvantage in terms of height, but at the same time also a necessary design limit.
    In view of this fact, in order to contain the overall height of the preheaters, actions have so far been adopted to reduce the height relatively to the ground and, on the other hand, to reduce the overall vertical dimensions. . In particular, all site solutions that plan to reduce the height relative to the ground structures downstream of the preheater, and therefore the rotary kiln and the cooler, belong to the first type of action. In particular, these structures are located in the basement to reduce emergence relative to the soil. However, this solution has several disadvantages. First, to allow easy maintenance and increase safety levels, it is best to have production facilities above the ground. For this purpose, therefore, the solution of placing below the ground level structures downstream of the preheater is obviously not desirable. In addition, the construction of structures below ground level requires extensive additional excavation. Where it is desirable to reduce the height above ground of the plants downstream of the chiller beyond a certain limit, it must be possible to pass between the bases of the rotary kiln to allow acceptable traffic to the kiln. inside the site, represents a limit.
    An alternative solution is one that considers an action on the geometry of the preheater tower, to contain its height. In particular the most common action is to separate the "cluster" of cyclones by actually building two operational towers in parallel, or as is said in the trade, build a tower in "two columns". In this case, each "column" having a capacity equal to half of the total, the sizes of the cyclones and associated ducts decrease and therefore the overall height is also smaller. However, this solution has the disadvantage of presenting construction and maintenance costs representing almost double the solution of the single column (Figure 1), in addition to management difficulties. More precisely, it is not easy to maintain the balance between the two columns, in terms of gas flow and materials. An alternative solution to the "two-band" configuration could be the design of a more "crouched" tower, with shorter cyclones and connection ducts, with obvious sacrifices in thermal efficiency, as the development is reduced. connecting ducts, penalizes the gas-material contact times and, consequently, the heat exchange.
    A partial solution to the problem related to the height of the preheaters can be found in patent application PCT / IB2009 / 00782. This application schematically shows the technical solution in Figure 2, wherein the preheater comprises an electric filter 450 located substantially "on the floor", namely, substantially at the base of the preheater. The electric filter 450 is connected to a first cyclone separator 460, through a substantially vertical conduit, which defines a charge section for the raw meal. The flue gases from the first separator 460 are mixed with the raw meal introduced into the vertical duct, which reaches the inlet 453 of the electric filter 450. In the latter, the separation takes place by electrostatic precipitation. The fumes at the outlet of the electric filter 450 are treated by a catalytic system for treating fumes 500, to allow reduction of NOx, while the raw meal is sent upwards, to be introduced into a duct 470, which connects the outlet a second cyclone separator 465 at the inlet of the first separator 460.
    With respect to the solution of FIG. 1, the use of an electric filter 450 at the base of the preheater causes the reduction of the height of the preheater in that, for an equal number of heating phases, in fact, the difference in The level (indicated by 501 in FIG. 1) required for the positioning of the first separators (denoted by reference numeral 301 in FIG. 1) is eliminated. It has been seen, however, that this solution was not sufficient in itself to satisfactorily solve the problem of height, since the reduction of the authorized level (of the order of about ten meters) is not sufficient. sufficient to significantly reduce the environmental impact.
    On the contrary, we have seen that the solution indicated in Figure 2 actually introduces another problem related to the handling of the raw meal at the output of the electric filter 450. In fact, the location on the ground of the latter, and the substantially "conventional" structure of the preheater determine a considerable difference in level (indicated by 502), between the output of raw meal 451 of the electric filter 450 and the loading section of the second pipe 470 between the first separator 460 and the second separator 465 In order to allow the raw meal to overcome this difference of level 502, it is necessary to provide adequate operational means of supply, namely, for the handling of raw flour. The capacity required for these feed means depends, on the one hand, on the nature of the level difference 502 and, on the other hand, on the length of the pipe used to convey the raw meal. In fact, with increasing length, the required capacity also increases.
    It is therefore obvious that with a conventional preheater model, by increasing the heating phases (i.e., the number of cyclone separators), the level difference 502 to be overcome directly increases, as well as the required capacity of operational means. raw meal supply. It is therefore obvious that the use of the electric filter 450, although advantageous in terms of height reduction, does not combine well with the "cluster" structure of the conventional heaters shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
    Therefore, on the basis of the above considerations, it clearly appears the need for alternative technical solutions to those mentioned above and developed so far to contain the height of the preheaters without limiting, at the same time, their performance and their production. Therefore, the main task of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for the production of clinker starting from raw flour, which makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above. For this purpose, a first object is to provide an apparatus for the production of clinker which, for the same productivity, has a height more limited compared to the ground than conventional solutions. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for the production of clinker, in which the structure of the preheater combines optimally with the presence of an electric filter. Finally, the object is to provide a device that is reliable and easy to manufacture, at competitive costs.
    The present invention therefore relates to an apparatus for producing clinker from raw flour. The apparatus comprises a rotary kiln and a pre-calciner communicating with the rotary kiln, which must be crossed by the combustion fumes generated in said kiln. The precalciner includes a smoke inlet section that defines a substantially horizontal reference base plane. The apparatus according to the invention comprises a suspension preheater which develops above this reference base plane, in order to heat the raw meal by a heat exchange with the combustion fumes exiting the precalciner. In particular, this preheater comprises: - a first cyclone separator comprising a feed section of raw flour mixed with the fumes, a smoke outlet section and a raw meal outlet section; at least one electrical separation filter located under the first separator; this electric filter comprises a feed section of raw flour mixed with the fumes, a smoke outlet section and at least one output section of the raw meal; a first supply and heating pipe which connects the supply section of the electric filter to the outlet section of the first separator fumes, said first pipe comprising a first outlet section of raw meal; at least one second cyclone separator comprising a feed section for raw flour mixed with the flue gases, a flue outlet section and an outlet section for raw meal; a second supply and heating pipe which connects the smoke outlet section of the second separator to the supply section of the first separator; said second pipe comprising a second feed section of said raw meal - operational raw meal feeding means for processing the raw meal from the output section of the electric filter to the second loading section of the second pipe.
    The apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the first separator and the second separator of the preheater are arranged substantially at the same height with respect to the reference base plane, so that the respective flue gas outlet sections define a first substantially horizontal reference plane. In addition, according to the invention, the second pipe has a first portion that is developed under the first plane and a second portion that is developed above said first plane, to respectively define a point of maximum height and a height point. minimum of the second pipe. In addition, the second loading section of the second pipe is defined by said first portion of the second pipe.
    The use of two separators at the same height reduces the overall height of the preheater compared to conventional solutions, in which the separators are cascaded at different heights. It has been seen that the use of a pipe which develops from the opposite sides relative to the first reference plane advantageously limits the amplitude of the difference in level between the raw meal outlet section of the electric filter and the loading section defined on the same second pipe. The consequence of this is the advantageous reduction of the path necessary for the displacement of the raw meal and therefore of the required capacity of the corresponding raw meal supply means.
    Other features and advantages will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the apparatus for producing clinker according to the present invention, illustrated solely by way of a non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which - Figure 1 is a schematic view of the first apparatus for the production of clinker, from raw flour of a known type; FIG. 2 is a schematic view relating to a second apparatus for producing clinker from raw flour of a known type; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a possible embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention; invention; FIG. 4 is an enlargement of the detail IV defined by the dashed line in FIG. 3; - Figure 5 is an enlargement of the detail V. defined by the dashed line in Figure 3.
    The same reference numbers and letters in the figures identify the same elements or components.
    With reference to the figures cited, the present invention relates to an apparatus 1 for the production of clinker from raw flour. The apparatus 1 according to the invention comprises a rotary kiln 10 and a precalciner 12 communicating with the rotary kiln 10, which must be crossed by the fumes generated in said furnace. More specifically, the rotary kiln 10 comprises a smoke outlet section 10 'communicating with an inlet section 12' of the precalciner 12. This inlet section 12 'defines a substantially horizontal reference base plane 100, whence the precalciner 12 develops in a vertical direction. The vertical dimensions of the latter may vary according to the productivity required by the apparatus 1 according to the criteria known per se.
    The apparatus 1 according to the invention comprises a suspension preheater (hereinafter simply called "preheater") for heating the raw meal for the rotary kiln 10, by means of a heat exchange with the combustion fumes generated in the rotary kiln 10, and outgoing from the precalciner 12. In particular, the preheater is of the suspension type with cyclone separators. From a structural point of view, the preheater is developed close to the precalciner, according to a disposition criterion known per se. For this purpose, therefore, the embodiments indicated in FIGS. 3 and 4 must be considered exclusively as schematizations whose sole object is to show the reciprocal vertical arrangement of the different separators which constitute the preheater.
    FIGS. 3 and 4 relate to an apparatus according to the invention indicated by reference numeral 1. The preheater of the apparatus 1 comprises a first supply and heating pipe 32, into which the previously treated raw meal is inserted according to methods known per se (for example, spraying and drying in a special mill). In particular, the first pipe 32 comprises a first loading section 32 ', through which the insertion of the raw flour takes place. The first pipe 32 is crossed by the combustion fumes generated in the rotary kiln 10 and inside thereof, there occurs a "first phase" of heating the raw meal mixed with said fumes.
    i-
    The preheater of the apparatus 1 comprises at least a first cyclone separator 30 and a second cyclone separator 40, arranged at the same height relative to the reference base plane 100 indicated above. These separators 30, 40 have a structure known per se. In particular, each of them comprises an upper portion of substantially cylindrical shape, from which develops a lower substantially funnel-shaped portion. For each of the two separators 30, 40, the upper part defines a feed section 31 ', 41' of a raw flour-fired mixture. This feed section 31 ', 41' is defined so as to allow tangential entry of this mixture into the separator.
    For each of the separators 30, 40, the upper part also defines a flue outlet section 31 '', 41 '' which allows a substantially vertical fume outlet of the corresponding separator.
    Finally, for each of the two separators 30, 40, the lower funnel portion defines, near the tapered portion, an outlet section of the green flour 31 '' ', 41' '' (hereinafter referred to as the output of raw flour 31 '' ', 41' '').
    The preheater also comprises an electrical separation filter 450 of the raw flue meal. This electric filter 450 is located at least under the first separator 30. The electric filter 450 comprises a feeding section 11 'of raw-fired flour mixture, a fumes outlet section 11' 'and a section of the flour outlet. flood 11 '' '. The flue outlet section 11 '' is connected to a flue outlet pipe 28, at the end of which is located a suction device 29, to generate sufficient suction conditions to ensure a constant flow of fumes through the preheater and the precalciner 12.
    The first pipe 32 above connects the supply section 11 'of the electric filter 450 to the smoke outlet section 31' 'of the first separator 30. A second supply and heating pipe 42 connects the the second separator 40 at the feed section 31 'of the first separator 30. This second pipe 42 defines a "second heating phase" for the raw meal and comprises a second loading section 421, through which the Raw flour from the electric filter 450 is inserted into said second pipe 42. For this purpose, the preheater is provided with operational means for feeding raw flour (described below) for handling the raw meal outlet section 111 '' of the electric filter 450 to the second outlet section 42 'of the second pipe.
    According to the present invention, the first separator 30 and the second separator 40 are arranged at the same height relative to the reference base plane 100 indicated above. By this, it is desired to indicate a condition whereby the flue outlet section 311 'of the first separator 30 and the flue outlet section 41' 'of the second separator 40 are substantially at the same height H with respect to the plane of the flue. base 100, thereby defining a first substantially horizontal reference plane 101. In accordance with the present invention, the second pipe 42 has a first portion 331, which develops under the first plane 101 and a second portion 33 '' which expands further. above the same foreground 101. The first portion 33 'and the second portion 33' 'in fact define a point of minimum height 72 and a point of maximum height 71 of the second pipe 42 relative to the plane. Reference base 100. In addition, according to the present invention, the first portion 33 'of the second pipe 42 defines the second loading section indicated above 42', intended to be fed by the raw meal at the outlet of the electric filter 450 .
    The arrangement of the two separators 30, 40 and the structure of the second pipe 42 allow a considerable reduction in the total height of the preheater relative to the known solutions, in which the cyclone separators are arranged at different heights, as indicated in FIGS. 2. In particular, it has been seen that these solutions have a synergistic effect in terms of reducing the overall height of the preheater. In fact, not only is the typical level difference generally existing between two adjacent separators reduced (see Figure 1), but the space between the same separators is advantageously used to define a heating phase of the raw meal. Indeed, by this solution, the preheater is advantageously compacted downwards, ie towards the base plane 100. In addition, through the particular structure of the second pipe 42, the height of the second section of the second pipe is also considerably reduced. loading and therefore the work required by the feeding means to lift this raw meal is limited.
    From a structural point of view, the first separator 30 and the second separator 40, in addition to having a similar structure, preferably also have the same vertical extension, measured from the respective flue outlet section 31 '', 41 '' up to the outlet section of the respective raw flour 311 1 ', 41' ''. In particular, the two separators 30, 40 have a height, whereby the outlet section of the raw meal 31 '' 1 of the first separator 30 and the outlet section of the raw meal 41 '' 'of the second separator 40 are substantially arranged on a second substantially horizontal reference plane 102 and under said first plane 101. For this purpose, according to a preferred embodiment, the first portion 331 of the second pipe 42 is developed so that the minimum height point 72 is under this second plane 102. In addition, the second loading section 42 'is preferably defined under this second plane 102. This solution allows a subsequent reduction of the difference in level between the output section of the raw meal il1' 'of the filter 450 and the second loading section 42 ', which causes a subsequent reduction of the work necessary for the handling of the raw meal and therefore a subsequent reduction in terms of overall dimensions. and the capacity of the operational means for feeding the raw meal.
    In particular, with respect to FIG. 4, the first portion 33 1 of the second pipe 42 communicates with the feed section 31 'of the first separator 30 and has a substantially U-shaped structure, developing completely under the first plane 101 and defining in fact the minimum height point 72 of the second pipe 42. The second portion 3311 of the second pipe 42 instead has an inverted U-shaped structure, wishing to indicate by this expression a folded portion, so as to define a 180 curve. °, which develops towards the first plane 101, defining in fact a point of maximum height 71 for the corresponding pipe.
    As illustrated in FIG. 4, the second pipe 42 also comprises a connecting portion 34, at least partially curved, which is connected to a first leg of the first U-shaped portion 331 also developing under the first plane 101. connection 34 defines, in fact, the end portion of the second pipe 42, connected to the first separator 30. The second pipe 42 finally comprises a rectilinear central portion 35, which connects a second branch of the first U-shaped structure 33 ' to a first branch of the second inverted U-shaped structure 33 ''. On the other hand, a second branch of the second portion 33 '' is connected to the flue outlet section 41 '' of the second separator 40.
    In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, a first vertical portion (indicated by reference numeral 37 in FIG. 3) of the first portion 331 of the second pipe 42 defines a second section of raw meal 421. This solution makes it possible in fact to avoid, or at least to reduce, the possible deposits of raw meal at the point of minimum height 72, defined by the ü-shaped structure of the first part 33 '. For this purpose, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, not illustrated herein, the second pipe 42 comprises means for the evacuation of the raw meal near this point of minimum height 72 to remove all the raw flour residues that can accumulate at this point.
    In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5, the preheater of the apparatus 1 comprises a third cyclone separator 50 having a structure substantially equivalent to that of the first separator 30 and the second separator 40. More precisely, the third separator 50 comprises a feed section 51 ', a flue outlet section 51' 1 and a raw meal outlet section 51 '1 1 (shown in Figure 4). The third separator 50 is disposed under the first reference plane 101 and such that the smoke outlet section 51 '' is located on a third reference plane 103 under the first plane 101 and at the second reference plane 102.
    The flue outlet section 51 '' of the third separator 50 is connected to the supply section 41 'of the second separator 40, via a third pipe 52, having a structure known per se, namely, comprising a outlet with a substantially vertical rectilinear portion of the section of the flue gas outlet 51'1 of the third separator 50, and a curve which connects the rectilinear portion to the supply section 41 'of the second separator 40. This third pipe 52 essentially defines a "third phase" of heating the raw meal, which is introduced through a third loading section 521. The latter is connected to the outlet section of the raw meal 311 1 1 of the first separator 30, through a first conduit 39 'feeding raw meal, structured so that said raw meal reaches by gravity this third loading section 52.
    The preheater according to the invention further comprises a fourth cyclone separator 60, of a shape substantially corresponding to that of the third separator 50. Again, with respect to FIGS. 3 and 4, the fourth separator 60 comprises a feed section 61 connected to the outlet of the precalciner 12 and a smoke outlet section 61 'connected to the supply section 51' of the fourth separator 50, through a fourth supply and heating pipe 62 which defines, in fact, a "fourth phase" of heating raw flour. For this purpose, it is observed that the fourth pipe 62 comprises a fourth section 62 'for loading the raw meal connected to the output section of the raw meal 41'1' of the second separator 40 through a second conduit 39 'of feeding raw meal. This second duct 39 'is also structured, so as to allow the gravitational sliding of the raw meal in the fourth section 62'.
    As shown in the figures, the fourth separator 60 is located under the first reference plane 101. More specifically, the flue outlet section 61 '1 of the fourth separator 60 is on the third plane 103 identified by the exit section of the In other words, the third separator 50 and the fourth separator 60 are at the same height H2, with respect to the reference base plane 100 above which the preheater is developed.
    In particular, with respect to FIG. 4, the fourth pipe 62 preferably comprises a first, substantially folded, inverted U-shaped portion 64 'and a second connecting portion 64' 'which connects the first portion 64' to the cross section. supply 51 'of the fourth separator 50. By the expression, "inverted substantially inverted U-shaped" is meant a folded portion so as to define a curve of about 180 degrees, which develops towards the third plane 103, defining a point of maximum height 66 to the fourth pipe 62 corresponding.
    As indicated above, the feed section 61 'of the fourth separator 60 is connected to the outlet section 121 1 of the precalciner 12 through a fifth feed and heat pipe 72 which defines a "fifth phase" of heating raw flour. This fifth pipe 72 is crossed by the combustion fumes generated by the rotary kiln 10, in which the raw meal is introduced through the loading section 121 1 1 of the precalciner 12 (indicated in FIG. 3). The latter is connected to the output section of the raw meal 51'1 'of the third separator 50 through a third supply duct 39' ', which allows the gravitational sliding of the corresponding raw meal. The fourth separator 60 comprises an outlet section of the raw meal 61 '' 'connected to the inlet section 10' of the rotary kiln 10 ', through a fourth supply duct for the raw meal 391 1 1.
    The fifth pipe 72 is partially developed above and partially under a fourth substantially horizontal reference plane 104, defined by the smoke outlet section 12 1 'of the precalciner 12. In particular, the fifth pipe 72 comprises a first part of end 82 ', having an inverted U-shaped structure. A first portion of this first portion 821 is connected to the outlet section 121 'of the precalciner 12, while a second portion is folded relative to the first, to define a curve of about 180 degrees which develops towards the fourth plan 104, thereby defining a point of maximum height 82 for the fifth pipe 62.
    The latter also comprises a second rectilinear portion 82 '' which develops from the second portion of the first portion 82 'to a height near the third plane 103. The fifth pipe 72 finally comprises a connecting portion 82' 1 1 which connects the second straight portion 82 '' to the feed section 61 'of the fourth separator 60. The third connecting portion 82' '' is substantially shaped like a curve to form a "minimum extension portion" that is, to connect the second portion 82 '' to the feed section 61 'of the fourth separator 60 with minimum space development.
    Referring again to FIG. 5, the first pipe 32 comprises a first portion 231, having an inverted U shape, so that a first portion is connected to the flue gas outlet section 31 'of the first separator 30 and a second portion of said first portion 23 'is folded relative to the first portion, to define a curve of about 180 degrees, which develops toward the first plane 101, to define a maximum height point 92 of the first pipe 32. The latter also comprises a second rectilinear portion 2311 which develops from the second portion of the first portion 23 ', to a height close to that of the supply section 11' of the electric filter 450.
    The second rectilinear portion 23 '' defines the first loading section 32 'through which the raw meal is inserted, in order to mix it with the input fumes from the second separator 30. In particular, this first loading section 32' is defined at a height close to that of the first plane 101, to increase the extension of the path of the smoke-raw flour mixture, inside the first pipe 32, in order to increase the efficiency of the heating of the flour at the expense of fumes.
    With reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, as indicated above, the preheater of the apparatus 1, according to the invention, comprises operational means for feeding raw meal, for handling the raw meal coming out of the electric filter 450 until to the second loading section 42 'of the second pipe 42, which connects the supply section 31' of the first separator 30 to the smoke outlet section 41 '' of the second separator 40.
    These operational means comprise at least one feed pipe 70 which operatively connects the raw meal outlet sections 11 '1 1 of the electric filter 450 to the second loading section 42' of the second pipe 42. The feed means also comprise a propulsion device 77 adapted to give the raw meal a thrust sufficient to overcome the difference in level of the raw meal outlet sections 21111 of the electric filter and the loading section 421 of the second pipe 42. This propulsion device 77 can be, for example, pneumatic type, or to move up the raw meal by means of air / gas. Alternative embodiments, but functionally equivalent, of the propulsion device 77 and generally operational means for feeding the raw meal must however be considered in the context of the present invention.
    In order to further contain the amount of work required for these operational means, the second raw meal pipe 42 may be structured to subsequently reduce the minimum height point 72, or to reduce, accordingly, the position of the second section. For this purpose, in FIG. 5, the dashed line shows an alternative embodiment, for which the minimum height point 72 of the second pipe 32 is located under the third plane 103 defined by FIG. position of the third separator 50 and the fourth separator 60.
    Preferably, the loading section 42 'is also under the third reference plane 103.
    As is evident in FIG. 5, this solution allows a sharp reduction of the level difference H3 between the fifth reference plane 105 and a sixth reference plane 106 respectively, characteristic of the position of the output sections of the raw meal. 11 '' 'of the electric filter 450 and the position of the second raw meal loading section 42'. As already indicated above, the decrease in the position of the second loading section 421, because of the particular structure of the second pipe 42, causes an advantageous reduction of the capacity required to the propulsion device 77, or a reduction of the dimensions and overall costs of the operational means for feeding raw meal.
    Again, referring to FIG. 3, it is observed that the maximum height point 92 of the first pipe 32, the maximum height point 72 of the second pipe 42, and the maximum height point 82 of the fifth pipe 62 are substantially at the same height H1 relative to the reference base plane 100. In other words, according to this solution, it is detected a plane with a maximum height 107 for the preheater.
    For reasons of completeness, we describe below the principle of operation of the device.
    Preheater 1 shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. In particular, in the Figures, the solid line indicates the movement of combustion fumes in the preheater while the dashed / dotted line represents the movement of the raw meal. The raw meal is inserted through the first section 32 ', inside the first pipe 32 in a conventional manner and is mixed with the fumes at the outlet of the first separator 30. While moving along the first pipe 32, the raw meal undergoes a first heating, by the effect of a first heat exchange with the fumes. At the end of the first pipe 32, the smoke-raw flour mixture reaches the electric filter 450, in which the raw meal is separated by precipitation of the fumes. These are conveyed to the discharge pipe 28 to the suction device 29.
    The raw meal at the outlet of the electric filter 450 is moved, through the operational supply means 70, 77 to the second loading section 42 'of the second pipe 32. In the latter, the raw meal is mixed with the inlet fumes from the second separator 40, undergoing a second heating by the effect of a second heat exchange with the same fumes. Once through the second pipe 42, the raw-fired flour mixture reaches the second separator 40, in which the raw meal is separated for the second time from the fumes. The latter move once again along the first pipe 32, while the raw flour reaches the third section 52 'of the third pipe 52, which connects the flue gas outlet section 51' 'of the third separator 50 to the section d' supply 41 'of the second separator 40. By mixing with the fumes at the outlet of the third separator 50, the raw meal undergoes a third heating to separate once again the same fumes in the second separator 40.
    Through the second feed pipe 39 ', the raw meal reaches the fourth pipe 62, which connects the smoke outlet section 61'1 of the fourth separator 60 to the feed section 51' of the third separator 50. The flour The flood is thus once again mixed with the flue gases in position at the flue outlet section 61 '' close to the fourth separator 60 to cross the fourth pipe 62 over almost all the development of the latter, thereby undergoing a 'fourth heating system'. Which substantially ends when the third separator 50 is reached. In the latter, the raw meal is separated from the flue gases and then transported through the third supply duct 39 '' inside the precalciner 12 to generate another mixture with the input fumes at high pressure. temperature coming directly from the rotary kiln 10.
    The raw flour mixed with these fumes rises vertically on the precalciner 12 over its entire height, then crosses the fifth pipe 72 to the fourth separator 60, in which it undergoes the final phase of separation. During the passage in the precalciner 12 and the fifth pipe 72, the raw meal undergoes a sixth heating. The raw meal at the outlet of the fifth separator 60 finally reaches the feed section of the rotary kiln 10 in which is completed the calcination process of the raw meal.
    The apparatus for the production of clinker thus designed is susceptible of several modifications and variations, all falling within the scope of the concept of the invention; in addition, all the details can be replaced by other technically equivalent ones. In practice, the materials used and the contingent dimensions and shapes can be any, depending on the conditions required and the state of the art.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    Apparatus (1) for producing clinker from raw flour, said apparatus (1) comprising a rotary kiln (10) and a precalciner (12) communicating with said rotary kiln (10) so as to be crossed by the combustion fumes generated in said rotary kiln (10), said precalciner (12) comprising a smoke inlet section (12 '), which defines a substantially horizontal reference base plane (100), said apparatus (1) comprising a slurry preheater adapted to heat said raw meal by heat exchange with said combustion flue gases exiting said precalciner (12), said preheater comprising: - a first cyclone separator (30), comprising a feed section (31 · ), a smoke outlet section (31 * 1) and a raw meal outlet (31111), - at least one electrical separation filter (450) of said raw meal from said flue gases, disposed under said first separator (30) , said filter electrical outlet (450) comprising a feed section (111), a smoke outlet section (111 ') and at least a first raw meal outlet section (111 1'); a first supply and heating pipe (32) which connects said supply section (11 ') of said electric filter (450) to said flue outlet section (31' ') of said first separator (30), said first pipe (32) comprising a first raw meal loading section (32 '); at least one second cyclone separator (40) comprising a feed section (411), a smoke outlet section (41 '') and a raw meal outlet section (41 ''); power supply and heater (42) which connects said smoke outlet section (41 '') of said separator (40) to said supply section (31 ') of said first separator (30), said second pipe (42) comprising a second loading section (42 ') of said raw meal; - raw meal supply means operative to move said raw meal from said at least one outlet section (11' '') of said electric filter (450) to at said second loading section (42 ') of said second pipe (42), characterized in that said first separator (30) and said second separator (40) are arranged substantially at the same height with respect to said reference base plane (100), so that the respective smoke outlet sections (31 ', 41) define a first substantially horizontal reference plane (101) and in that said second pipe (42) has a first portion (33 ') developing under said first plane (101) and a second portion (33' ') developing on said first plane (101) so as to define a point of maximum height (71) and a minimum height point (72) respectively of said second pipe (42), said first portion (33 ') of said second pipe (42) defining said second loading section (42 ').
    [2]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein said first separator (30) has a height substantially equivalent to that of said second separator (40) so that the exit section (31 '' ') of said first separator (30) ) and the outlet section (41 '' ') of said second separator (40) are disposed substantially on a second horizontal reference plane (102) under said first plane (101), said second portion (33') of said second pipe ( 42) developing so that said minimum height point (72) is under said second plane (102).
    [3]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 2, wherein said first portion (33 ') of said second pipe (42) defines said second loading section (42') under said second plane (102).
    [4]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said first portion (331) is substantially U-shaped and communicates with said feed section (31 ') of said first separator (30) and wherein said second portion (33 '') is substantially inverted U-shaped, and communicates on a first side with said first portion (33 ') and on a second side with said smoke outlet section (41' ') said second separator (40).
    [5]
    5. Apparatus (1) according to claim 4, wherein said second pipe (42) comprises a connecting portion (34), curved at least in part, connected on one side to said feed section (31 ') of said first separator (30) and, on the other hand, to said first substantially U-shaped portion (33 '), said second pipe (42) including a rectilinear central portion (35) which connects said first portion (33') to said first second part (33 '').
    [6]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said preheater comprises: - a third cyclone separator (50) comprising a feed section (51 '), a smoke outlet section ( 51 '') and a raw meal outlet section (51 '' '), said third separator (50) being disposed in a position such that said outlet section (51' ') of said third separator (50) defines a third substantially horizontal reference plane (103) under said first reference plane (101); - a third supply and heating pipe (52) which connects said smoke outlet section (51 '') of said third separator (50) at said feed section (41 ') of said second separator (40), said third pipe (52) comprising a third loading section (52') connected to said raw meal outlet section (31 '' ') of said first separator (30) by means of a first feed pipe (39).
    [7]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 6, wherein said preheater comprises: - a fourth cyclone separator (60) comprising a feed section (61 ·), a smoke outlet section (61 * 1) and a raw flour outlet section (61 '' '), said fourth separator (60) being disposed in a position such that said outlet section (61' ') of said fourth separator (60) is substantially located on said third reference plane (103); a fourth supply and heating pipe (62) which connects said smoke outlet section (61 '') of said fourth separator (60) to said supply section (51 ') of said third separator (50), said fourth pipe (62) comprising a fourth loading section (62 ') connected to said raw meal outlet section (41''1) of said second separator (40) by means of a second feed pipe (39' ); a fifth supply and heating pipe (72) which connects said supply section (61 ') of said fourth separator (60) to said outlet section (12' ') of said precalciner (12).
    [8]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said fourth supply and heating pipe (62) comprises an inverted U-shaped first portion (64 '), which is developed on said third plane (103) and a second connector portion (64 '') which connects said first U-shaped portion (64 ') to said supply section (51') of said third separator (50).
    [9]
    Apparatus (1) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein said output section (12 '') of said precalciner (12) identifies a fourth substantially horizontal reference plane (104) on said third plane (103), said fifth pipe (72) comprising: - a first end portion (82 ') connected to said outlet section (12' ') of said precalciner (12), said first portion (82') developing on said fourth plane (104) in a substantially inverted U-shaped structure - a rectilinear central portion (82 '') which develops vertically from said first portion (62) to a height near that of the third plane (103); a second end portion (82111) which connects said central portion (82 ') to said feed section (61 ·) of said fourth separator (60).
    [10]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said supply means comprises: - at least one supply pipe (70) which operatively connects said outlet section (1111) of said electric filter (450) at said second loading section (42 ') of said second pipe (42); - a propulsion device (77) for imparting to said raw meal a thrust sufficient to overcome the difference in level between said outlet section (11111 ) of said electric filter (450) and said second charging section (42 ') of said second pipe (42).
    [11]
    Apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said first portion (33 ') of said second pipe (42) is developed under said first plane (101), so that said minimum height point (72) is located under said third reference plane (103).
    [12]
    Apparatus (1 ') according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein said first pipe (32) comprises: - a first portion (23') having an inverted U shape that develops above said first reference plane (101); a second straight portion (23 ''), connected to said first portion (231), which develops to a position close to that of said feed section (111) of said electric filter (450); a connecting portion (23111) connecting said rectilinear portion (23 '') to said supply section (11 ') of said electric filter (450).
    [13]
    Apparatus (1 ') according to claim 12, wherein the first loading section (32') of said first pipe (32) is defined on said second straight portion (23 '') in a position close to said first plane (101). ).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR2984875B1|2016-11-11|
    FR2984875A1|2013-06-28|
    GR1008126B|2014-02-28|
    ITMI20112364A1|2013-06-23|
    ES2439625B1|2014-11-25|
    ES2439625R1|2014-02-18|
    ES2439625A2|2014-01-23|
    GR20120100651A|2013-07-11|
    BG111368A|2014-02-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3235239A|1963-12-23|1966-02-15|Smidth & Co As F L|Method and apparatus for making cement|
    GB942893A|1959-10-17|1963-11-27|Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag|An installation for heating powdered material containing alkalies|
    FR2545916B1|1983-05-10|1985-07-19|Fives Cail Babcock|PLANT FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF POWDER MINERALS|
    US6210154B1|1997-04-22|2001-04-03|Blue Circle Industries, Inc.|Treatment of exhaust gases from kilns|
    TW487689B|2000-03-30|2002-05-21|Smidth & Co As F L|Method and apparatus for manufacturing cement clinker from particulate cement raw material|
    法律状态:
    2019-10-02| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20181231 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ITMI20112364|ITMI20112364A1|2011-12-22|2011-12-22|APPARATUS FOR CLINKER PRODUCTION STARTING FROM A RAW MIXTURE INCLUDING A PREHEAT HEATER WITH CONTENT HEIGHT|
    ITMI20112364|2011-12-22|
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